Physical abuse involves the perpetrator's power over and control of the victim’s body through actual or threatened physical harm and can often take the form of hitting, scratching, pushing, pinching, burning, kicking, pulling, poisoning, forced ingestion, biting, choking, weapon use, throwing items, forced restraint, and denying medical care.

When it comes to parent abuse, this often looks like the child uses hitting, kicking, biting, pushing, throwing objects to exert power and control over the parent.

Emotional abuse involves the perpetrator’s power over and control of the victim’s self-worth and emotional regulation through sustained harmful verbalizations and can often take the non-physical form of name-calling, fault-finding, insults, belittling, emotional withholding, humiliation, yelling, blaming, gaslighting, and vilification.

When it comes to parent abuse, this often looks like the child uses Insults, threats, gaslighting, and blame-shifting to exert power and control over the parent.

Psychological abuse involves the perpetrator’s power and control over the victim’s psychological safety and can often take the form of intimidation, threats targeted at family or friends or self, harming pets, unwarranted accusations, pressure to isolate from friends and family members, or withdrawal from work and school, and stalking.

When it comes to parent abuse, this often looks like the child uses manipulation, intimidation, and coercive control to exert power and control over the parent.

Sexual abuse involves the perpetrator’s power over and control of the victims’s right to consent to sexual activity and can often take the form of coercion, rape, unwanted kissing or touching, or aggression, ignoring feelings about sexual interaction, shaming, forcing reproductive health choices, and inviting unwelcomed others to participate sexually.

When it comes to parent abuse, this often looks like the child uses Inappropriate contact and sexualized threats (rare, but real) to exert power and control over the parent.

Financial abuse involves the perpetrator’s power and control over the victim’s financial security and autonomy and can often take the form of control over spending and savings, withholding access to money or credit or financial information, identity theft or fraud, creating financial dependency, forbidding education or employment, stealing, using unapproved funds, power of attorney exploitation, and irresponsible fiscal guardianship or conservatorship irresponsibility.

When it comes to parent abuse, this often looks like the child uses stealing, coercing money, and damaging property to exert power and control over the parent.

Technical abuse, also called digital abuse, involves the perpetrator’s power and control over the victim’s use of technology and digital safety and can often take the form of online emotional abuse, harassment or bullying, mobile tracking or stalking, profile impersonation or deception, exploitation or extortion, denying the use of technology or engaging with others via technology, requiring real-time responses and password sharing, and monitoring the use of the Internet, social media, email, text, and mobile devices.

When it comes to parent abuse, this often looks like the child uses harassment via phone or social media, or surveillance apps to exert power and control over the parent.